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AI Benchmarks

SWE-bench Verified Leaderboard 2026: Top Models Ranked (+ SWE-bench Pro)

October 30, 2025
11 min read
LocalAimaster Research Team

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Published October 30, 2025 • Updated August 2026 • 11 min read

SWE-bench Verified Leaderboard 2026 — the short answer: As of August 2026, Claude Opus 5 leads SWE-bench Verified (96.0% by Anthropic's launch figure; 97.0% on vals.ai's leaderboard run), with GPT-5.6 Sol at 96.2% and Claude Fable 5 at 95.0%. Kimi K3 (93.4%) and GPT-5.6 Luna (93.0%) sit just behind, then Claude Opus 4.8 (88.6%) and Grok 4.5 (86.6%). Verified is now saturated (the top five span barely 4 points), so the real ranking has moved to the harder SWE-bench Pro, where Fable 5 leads at ~80% on its own scaffold and Scale's standardized SEAL harness tops out around 61.5% — the only apples-to-apples comparison. Full rankings, what each score means, and the vendor-vs-SEAL caveat are below.

The Benchmark That Changed Everything: When Princeton researchers released SWE-bench in 2023, they fundamentally transformed how we evaluate AI coding capabilities. Unlike simple "write a function" tests, SWE-bench throws AI models into the deep end—real GitHub issues from production codebases with thousands of files, complex dependencies, and ambiguous requirements. Here's your complete guide to understanding SWE-bench, HumanEval, and the benchmarks that determine which AI models truly deliver for software development.

Quick Summary: Major AI Coding Benchmarks at a Glance

BenchmarkWhat It TestsDifficultyCurrent LeaderScoreWhy It Matters
SWE-bench VerifiedReal GitHub bugsVery HardClaude Opus 596-97%Best-known predictor of real-world coding
SWE-bench ProHarder enterprise bugsExtremely HardClaude Fable 5 (vendor)~80%Contamination-resistant; where models still separate
HumanEvalAlgorithm problemsMediumGPT-5~92%Tests code generation from scratch (largely saturated)
MBPPBasic Python tasksEasy-MediumGPT-5~88%Entry-level coding ability
HumanEval+Extended test casesMedium-HardClaude~86%More rigorous than HumanEval
CodeContestsCompetition problemsHardGPT-5~75%Algorithmic complexity
APPSIntroductory problemsMediumClaude~72%Broad problem-solving

SWE-bench Verified / Pro figures are as of August 2026; the Fable 5 ~80% is a vendor-scaffold number — on Scale's standardized SEAL harness the top score is Muse Spark 1.1 at 61.5% (see the SWE-bench Pro leaderboard below). HumanEval-family scores are largely saturated. Check swebench.com and Scale's SEAL board for the latest.

Understanding these benchmarks is critical for choosing the right AI coding model for your needs.


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What is SWE-bench? The Gold Standard for Real-World Coding

SWE-bench (Software Engineering Benchmark) is the most rigorous evaluation of AI coding capabilities, created by researchers from Princeton University and the University of Chicago. Published in 2023 and refined with SWE-bench Verified in 2024, it represents a paradigm shift in AI evaluation.

How SWE-bench Works

The Challenge: Given a real GitHub issue from a popular Python repository (Django, Flask, scikit-learn, matplotlib, etc.), can an AI model:

  1. Understand the problem from often-vague issue descriptions
  2. Navigate a large codebase with thousands of files and complex dependencies
  3. Locate the bug without explicit pointers to the problematic code
  4. Generate a fix that passes all existing tests without breaking anything
  5. Handle edge cases that weren't explicitly mentioned in the issue

Example SWE-bench Task:

Issue: Django 3.2 - QuerySet.filter() raises FieldError with
related objects when using __isnull lookup on ForeignKey

Description: When filtering a queryset using __isnull on a
ForeignKey field with a custom related_name, Django raises
FieldError: Cannot resolve keyword...

Expected: Filter should work correctly
Actual: FieldError exception raised

The AI must:

  • Understand Django's ORM internals
  • Navigate to the relevant queryset filtering code
  • Identify the naming resolution bug
  • Fix it without breaking 50,000+ other Django tests

Testing Methodology & Disclaimer: SWE-bench scores presented are from official leaderboards, vals.ai, Scale's SEAL board, and research papers as of August 2026. Verified scores are from the curated 500-issue subset hand-reviewed by researchers; SWE-bench Pro scores are from Scale AI's larger, contamination-resistant set. Most SWE-bench Verified scores are vendor-reported and can vary by ±2-3% (more on SWE-bench Pro) depending on the agent scaffold, evaluation configuration, and random factors — see the scaffolding caveat in the SWE-bench Pro section. Real-world performance may differ based on your specific codebase, languages used, and problem complexity.

SWE-bench vs SWE-bench Verified

Original SWE-bench (2,294 issues):

  • Automated extraction from GitHub
  • Some ambiguous or poorly-specified problems
  • Test suite quality varies
  • Scores typically 5-10% higher

SWE-bench Verified (500 issues):

  • Hand-verified by human experts
  • Clear, unambiguous problem statements
  • Confirmed high-quality test suites
  • Stricter evaluation = lower scores but more reliable
  • Now the gold standard used by researchers

Why Verified Matters: The original benchmark had issues where models could "game" ambiguous problems or pass due to broken tests. Verified eliminates these edge cases, providing a more honest assessment of real-world capability.


Current SWE-bench Verified Leaderboard (August 2026)

Top AI Models Ranked by SWE-bench Verified Score

RankModelScoreDateKey Strengths
🥇 1Claude Opus 596.0-97.0%Jul 2026Frontier agentic coding at unchanged Opus pricing ($5/$25)
🥈 2GPT-5.6 Sol96.2%Jul 2026OpenAI's flagship coder; very token-efficient
🥉 3Claude Fable 595.0%Jun 2026Mythos-class premium tier ($10/$50); restored Jul 1
4Kimi K393.4%Jul 2026Moonshot's 2.8T open-weight MoE
5GPT-5.6 Luna93.0%Jul 2026Budget tier of the GPT-5.6 family
6Claude Opus 4.888.6%May 2026Previous-gen Anthropic flagship
7Grok 4.586.6%Jul 2026xAI's value play — near-frontier at a fraction of the price
8GLM-5.262.1% (Pro)Jun 2026Top open-weight coder (MIT, self-hostable)

Scores 1-7 are from vals.ai's SWE-bench Verified leaderboard (July 31, 2026); Anthropic's own launch figure for Opus 5 is 96.0%. GLM-5.2 has no standalone Verified figure published — its 62.1% is Z.ai's SWE-bench Pro number, listed here as the open-weight reference point. Cross-check swebench.com and provider announcements. Updated August 2026.

Two rows worth a sentence each. Kimi K3's 93.4% is the vals.ai leaderboard figure — Moonshot's own launch material leads with Terminal-Bench 2.1 (88.3%) and agentic suites rather than a Verified headline, so treat the Verified number as the leaderboard's run, not the vendor's claim; the weights (~1.56 TB) went live on Hugging Face July 27, so this is now the highest-scoring open-weight model on the board. Grok 4.5 (xAI, July 8) posts 86.6% Verified and 64.7% on SWE-bench Pro — its pitch is price and token-efficiency rather than the top slot: it reportedly uses 3-4× fewer tokens per task than the priciest rivals.

Why the top of this table barely separates: by August 2026 SWE-bench Verified is largely saturated — the top five frontier models sit between 93% and 97%, and the spread that used to separate them has collapsed. The meaningful differentiation has moved to the harder SWE-bench Pro (next section). Use Verified to confirm a model is frontier-class; use SWE-bench Pro to actually rank them.

August 2026 Update: Open-weight models keep closing the gap. GLM-5.2 (Z.ai / Zhipu, MIT license, weights on Hugging Face since June 17, 2026) is the top open model on SWE-bench Pro at 62.1% — above GPT-5.5's 58.6% on the same board — and Kimi K3 put an open-weight model inside the Verified top five. You can now self-host a model that rivals closed frontier coders, if your hardware can hold it. See our GLM-5.2 guide, GLM-5 guide and best Ollama models for setup.

What These Scores Mean in Practice

96-97% (Claude Opus 5):

  • Resolves more than 9 out of 10 verified Python GitHub issues
  • Released July 24, 2026 at unchanged Opus pricing ($5 input / $25 output per 1M tokens)
  • The current default pick for autonomous fix-and-test loops

96.2% (GPT-5.6 Sol):

  • Effectively tied for the lead on Verified
  • Flagship of OpenAI's three-tier GPT-5.6 family (July 9) at $5/$30
  • Notably token-efficient in agent loops — full GPT-5.6 breakdown

95.0% (Claude Fable 5):

  • Anthropic's Mythos-class premium tier at $10/$50 per 1M tokens
  • Suspended June 12 under a US export-control directive, restored July 1, 2026
  • Leads SWE-bench Pro (~80% on Anthropic's scaffold) — Fable 5 story here

Reality check: these are SWE-bench Verified numbers, which are now near the ceiling. They tell you a model is frontier-class but not how it ranks against peers — for that, read the SWE-bench Pro leaderboard below, where the same models drop 15-35 points.

Explore detailed comparisons in our best AI coding models guide.


SWE-bench Pro: The Harder Benchmark That Actually Separates Models

By 2026, SWE-bench Verified is saturated — frontier models cluster in the mid-90s, so it no longer tells you which model is genuinely better. SWE-bench Pro, released by Scale AI (paper: SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?, arXiv 2509.16941, September 2025), was built to fix that.

What Makes SWE-bench Pro Different

  • 1,865 tasks across 41 professional repositories (vs. 500 issues from a handful of repos in Verified)
  • Contamination-resistant by design: split into a public set (11 repos), a held-out set (12 repos), and a commercial set (18 proprietary repos from startup partners) that models almost certainly never saw in training
  • Long-horizon, enterprise-grade problems — larger diffs, more files, harder specs that aren't cleaned up to be unambiguous
  • Scored Pass@1 (one attempt, no retries)

The difficulty jump is dramatic. In the original September 2025 paper, the best models — GPT-5 and Claude Opus 4.1 — scored only 23.3% and 23.1% on the public set, and even lower on the unseen commercial subset (GPT-5 fell to ~14.9%). Frontier models have since climbed into the 60-80% range, but the gap to Verified's 93-97% is the whole point: it's where the real differences live.

⚠️ The Scaffolding Caveat: Vendor Numbers vs. Standardized SEAL Numbers

This is the single most important thing to understand about SWE-bench Pro in 2026. There are two families of scores that are not comparable:

  1. Vendor-scaffold scores — the model provider runs the benchmark using its own agent scaffold (the framework around the model: planning loop, tool wiring, retries, prompt harness). Providers tune this heavily, so vendor numbers run high.
  2. Standardized SEAL scoresScale's SEAL leaderboard runs every model through the same harness, isolating raw model capability from scaffold engineering. These are the only directly comparable numbers.

Vendor scaffolds typically run 15-30 points higher than the standardized SEAL harness for the same model. So a headline "69.2%" and a SEAL "59.1%" can describe the same model — they're just measuring different things.

How to use these numbers: use the SEAL standardized scores to compare models against each other (same harness for all), and use vendor scores only to track a single vendor's generation-over-generation progress (e.g., Opus 4.8's 69.2% vs Opus 4.7's 64.3% — meaningful because the scaffold is held constant). Never compare a vendor number for one model against a SEAL number for another; the scaffold difference will swamp the real gap.

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SWE-bench Pro Leaderboard (August 2026)

The ranking below is the vendor-scaffold (self-reported) board — every score comes from the provider running its own agent harness, so read it with the scaffolding caveat above in mind. It is still the table where models actually separate:

RankModelSWE-bench ProNotes
1Claude Fable 580.0%Mythos-class tier; restored July 1 after export-control suspension
2Claude Opus 579.2%Anthropic's July 24 launch figure
3Claude Mythos Preview77.8%Restricted-access sibling of Fable 5
4Claude Opus 4.869.2%Previous-gen flagship
5Grok 4.564.7%xAI, July 8 — the price-performance outlier
6GPT-5.6 Sol64.6%OpenAI's flagship coder
7Claude Opus 4.764.3%
8GPT-5.6 Terra63.4%Mid tier of the GPT-5.6 family
9Claude Sonnet 563.2%New Claude Code default
10GPT-5.6 Luna62.7%Budget tier
11GLM-5.262.1%Top open-weight model (MIT; above GPT-5.5's 58.6%)

Vendor-reported scores via the llm-stats SWE-bench Pro aggregator (August 3, 2026), except Opus 5 (Anthropic launch figure, not yet listed there). For context: Kimi K3 has no SWE-bench Pro entry yet — Moonshot published Terminal-Bench 2.1 (88.3%) and DeepSWE (67.5%) instead.

The standardized picture: on Scale's SEAL SWE-bench Pro public leaderboard — same harness for every model — the top scores are Muse Spark 1.1 (Meta) at 61.5% and GPT-5.4 (xHigh) at 59.1%. That 80-vs-61 gap between the vendor board and the SEAL board is the scaffolding effect in one line, and it's why this page reports both.


HumanEval: Testing Code Generation from Scratch

HumanEval is OpenAI's benchmark with 164 hand-crafted programming problems testing function-level code generation.

How HumanEval Works

Format: Natural language description → Complete working function

Example Problem:

Write a function that takes a list of integers and returns
the sum of all positive even numbers.

def sum_positive_evens(numbers: List[int]) -> int:
    # Your implementation here
    pass

# Tests:
assert sum_positive_evens([1, 2, 3, 4]) == 6
assert sum_positive_evens([-2, -4, 1, 3]) == 0
assert sum_positive_evens([2, 4, 6, 8]) == 20

What It Tests:

  • Algorithm implementation from natural language
  • Basic programming constructs (loops, conditions, data structures)
  • Edge case handling
  • Code correctness without context

HumanEval Leaderboard (largely static — the benchmark is saturated)

ModelHumanEval ScoreHumanEval+ Score
GPT-592.1%86.3%
Claude 4 Sonnet90.2%86.1%
GPT-OSS 120B88.3%~84%
Gemini 2.5 Pro88.4%83.7%
CodeLlama 70B68.1%62.3%
DeepSeek Coder 33B72.0%66.8%

HumanEval+ adds more test cases to catch edge cases, resulting in lower scores.

HumanEval vs SWE-bench: What's the Difference?

HumanEval:

  • ✅ Tests greenfield coding - writing new functions from scratch
  • ✅ Evaluates algorithmic thinking
  • ✅ Quick to run (164 problems)
  • ❌ Doesn't test codebase navigation
  • ❌ No real-world context or dependencies

SWE-bench:

  • ✅ Tests real-world debugging and codebase understanding
  • ✅ Evaluates multi-file reasoning
  • ✅ Measures ability to work with legacy code
  • ❌ Python-only (currently)
  • ❌ Time-consuming evaluation

For Developers:

  • HumanEval predicts: How well a model writes new code, algorithms, utilities
  • SWE-bench predicts: How well a model debugs, refactors, and maintains existing code

Most developers need both capabilities, which is why we recommend models that score well on both benchmarks.


Other Important Coding Benchmarks

MBPP (Mostly Basic Python Problems)

What: 974 entry-level Python programming tasks Created by: Google Research Difficulty: Easier than HumanEval

Top Scores:

  • GPT-5: ~88%
  • Claude 4: ~86%
  • Gemini 2.5: ~84%

Use Case: Tests basic programming competency, often used as a minimum bar for coding AI.

CodeContests

What: Competition programming problems from Codeforces, AtCoder Difficulty: Hard (algorithmic complexity) Languages: Multiple (C++, Python, Java)

Top Scores:

  • GPT-5: ~75%
  • Claude 4: ~73%

Use Case: Tests advanced algorithmic problem-solving, similar to LeetCode hard problems.

APPS (Automated Programming Progress Standard)

What: 10,000 programming problems at varying difficulty Coverage: Introductory → competition level Languages: Primarily Python

Top Scores:

  • Claude 4: ~72%
  • GPT-5: ~71%

Use Case: Broader problem-solving assessment across difficulty spectrum.

MultiPL-E (Multilingual Evaluation)

What: HumanEval translated to 18+ programming languages Languages: JavaScript, Java, C++, Rust, Go, etc.

Key Finding: Model performance varies significantly by language. Most models score:

  • Python: Highest (baseline)
  • JavaScript/Java: -5 to -10%
  • Rust/Haskell: -15 to -25%

Why It Matters: If you're not working in Python, model rankings may differ. GPT-5 and Claude 4 have the best cross-language performance.


How to Interpret Benchmark Scores

What Scores Tell You

High SWE-bench + High HumanEval (e.g., Claude 4, GPT-5):

  • ✅ Best all-around coding models
  • ✅ Can handle both new code and debugging
  • ✅ Suitable for professional development
  • 💰 Usually premium-priced

High HumanEval, Lower SWE-bench:

  • ✅ Good at writing new code from scratch
  • ⚠️ May struggle with large existing codebases
  • 👍 Good for prototyping and greenfield projects

High SWE-bench, Lower HumanEval:

  • ✅ Excellent at understanding and fixing existing code
  • ⚠️ Less creative with new algorithms
  • 👍 Good for maintenance and refactoring

Moderate Scores on Both (~60-70%):

  • ⚠️ Useful but requires human oversight
  • 👍 Good for learning and productivity boost
  • 💰 Often more affordable options

Benchmark Limitations You Should Know

1. Language Bias

  • Most benchmarks heavily favor Python
  • JavaScript/TypeScript performance may differ by 10-20%
  • Check language-specific benchmarks for accuracy

2. Context Window Constraints

  • Benchmarks test with limited context
  • Real projects often need 100K+ token windows
  • Models with larger context (Gemini 3.1 Pro: 1M tokens) may outperform benchmarks in practice

3. Missing Soft Skills

  • Can't measure code readability
  • Doesn't test maintainability
  • No evaluation of documentation quality
  • Team collaboration aspects ignored

4. Static vs Interactive

  • Benchmarks are one-shot evaluations
  • Real development is iterative with clarifications
  • Good prompt engineering can boost real-world performance beyond benchmarks

5. Domain Gaps

  • Benchmarks use open-source Python repos
  • Your proprietary codebase may be very different
  • Enterprise, mobile, systems programming not well-represented

6. Overfitting Risk

  • Models may optimize specifically for benchmark patterns
  • Genuine understanding vs pattern matching unclear
  • Real-world edge cases may not be covered

Real-World Performance vs Benchmarks

Expect real-world performance to vary by ±20% from benchmarks depending on:

  • Your primary programming language
  • Codebase size and complexity
  • Your prompt engineering skills
  • Problem domain specifics
  • IDE integration quality
  • Team workflow integration

Best Practice: Use benchmarks as a starting point, then test models on your actual codebase with your real problems. See our testing guide below.


How to Test AI Coding Models Yourself

Step-by-Step Testing Framework

Step 1: Define Your Criteria

Identify what matters for your specific use case:

  • Primary language: Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Go, Rust, etc.
  • Common tasks: API development, data processing, UI components, algorithms
  • Codebase size: Small scripts, medium apps, large monorepos
  • Complexity: Simple CRUD, complex business logic, systems programming

Step 2: Create Representative Tests

Extract 5-10 real examples from your work:

Test Suite Example:
1. Fix actual bug from your issue tracker
2. Implement common feature request
3. Refactor complex function
4. Write tests for existing code
5. Debug performance issue
6. Add API endpoint
7. Update database schema
8. Implement algorithm
9. Handle edge case
10. Document complex code

Ensure diversity: Mix easy, medium, hard problems to get balanced assessment.

Step 3: Test Systematically

For each model:

Testing Protocol:
- Use IDENTICAL prompts across models
- Provide SAME context and documentation
- Test in similar environments (API vs local)
- Time each interaction
- Track iterations needed to get working code

Measure:

  • Correctness: Does it work? Pass tests?
  • 📊 Code Quality: Maintainable? Well-structured?
  • Speed: Time to working solution?
  • 🔄 Iterations: How many refinements needed?
  • 💰 Cost: API costs or hardware requirements

Step 4: Compare Costs

Calculate actual costs for your usage patterns:

API Models:

Monthly cost = (Prompts per day × Avg tokens × Days × Price per 1M tokens) / 1M

Example: 50 prompts/day, 2000 tokens avg, 22 days
Claude 4: (50 × 2000 × 22 × $3) / 1M = $6.60/month input
GPT-5: (50 × 2000 × 22 × $0.10) / 1M = $0.22/month input
(Plus output costs)

Local Models:

  • Initial hardware cost: $1,500-3,000 for RTX 4090 or M2 Max
  • Electricity: ~$5-15/month
  • Amortized over 2-3 years

Step 5: Evaluate Integration

Test with your actual workflow:

  • IDE integration (VS Code, JetBrains, Cursor)
  • Git workflow compatibility
  • CI/CD pipeline integration
  • Team collaboration features

Free Testing Options

Cloud Models:

  • ChatGPT: Limited free access, Plus $20/mo
  • Claude: Free tier available
  • Gemini: 60 requests/minute free tier
  • GitHub Copilot: 30-day free trial

Local Models:

  • Qwen3-Coder-Next: Free (Apache 2.0), ~52GB memory at Q4
  • Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B: Free, fits a single 24GB GPU
  • Ollama: Free platform for running local models

Recommended Timeline:

  • Week 1: Test top 3 cloud models (free tiers)
  • Week 2: Set up and test 1-2 local models
  • Week 3: Deep dive with winner on real projects
  • Week 4: Make final decision

Interpreting Your Results

Good signs:

  • ✅ Solves 70%+ of your real problems correctly
  • ✅ Code quality matches your standards
  • ✅ Speeds up development by 20%+ (time tracking)
  • ✅ Reduces mental overhead and context switching

Warning signs:

  • ❌ <50% success rate on your tests
  • ❌ Frequently introduces bugs
  • ❌ Code needs extensive refactoring
  • ❌ Doesn't understand your domain

Remember: Benchmarks are a starting point. Your real-world results matter most.


The Future of AI Coding Benchmarks

Emerging Benchmarks (2025-2026)

Update (2026): Several of the predictions below have since shipped — most notably SWE-bench Pro (Scale AI, Sep 2025), which already adds proprietary/enterprise repositories, contamination resistance, and harder long-horizon tasks. See the SWE-bench Pro section above.

1. Multi-Language SWE-bench

  • Expanding beyond Python to JavaScript, Java, Go, Rust
  • Expected: Q1 2026
  • Why it matters: Current benchmarks don't represent full language diversity

2. SWE-bench Enterprise

  • Private codebase evaluation framework
  • Testing on proprietary code patterns
  • Expected: Q2 2026

3. Interactive Coding Benchmark

  • Multi-turn debugging conversations
  • Tests clarification and iteration
  • Better represents real developer workflow

4. Security-Focused Benchmarks

  • Specifically testing for vulnerability detection
  • Measuring secure coding practices
  • Critical for enterprise adoption

What's Missing from Current Benchmarks

Not Yet Tested:

  • Team collaboration and code review quality
  • Documentation and comment quality
  • Performance optimization capabilities
  • Cross-platform compatibility
  • Mobile development (iOS, Android)
  • UI/UX implementation accuracy
  • Database schema design
  • DevOps and infrastructure code

The Benchmark We Need: A comprehensive evaluation that tests real-world software development end-to-end: requirements analysis → design → implementation → testing → deployment → maintenance.


Local Models on SWE-bench: Running AI Coding Assistants Privately

One area benchmarks don't highlight well is local deployment. If you need to keep code on-premises (healthcare, finance, government, IP-sensitive work), here's how open-weight models compare on SWE-bench:

ModelSWE-bench VerifiedMemory NeededOllama Available?
GLM-5 (745B, 44B active)77.8%Server-class (multi-H100)No — vLLM/SGLang territory
Qwen3-Coder-Next (80B, 3B active)70.6%~52GB (Q4)Yes (needs Ollama v0.15.5+)
Qwen3-Coder 480B (35B active)69.6%~250GB (Q4)Yes
GLM-5.2 (753B, ~40B active)62.1% on the harder SWE-bench Pro (no Verified figure published)~380-420GB (~4-bit)Yes — 112 ready-made quants
Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B~48% (community est.)20GB (Q4)Yes
Qwen 2.5 Coder 7B~28% (community est.)5GB (Q4)Yes

Qwen3 and GLM figures are from the published model cards and Z.ai's technical report; older entries are community estimates and vary by agent framework (SWE-Agent, Aider, OpenHands, etc.).

Key takeaway: The old rule was "local models trail cloud APIs by 10-25%" — that gap is now much thinner at the top. Qwen3-Coder-Next hits 70.6% SWE-bench Verified on a single 80GB GPU or a 2× consumer-GPU rig, and GLM-5.2 posts an open-weight SWE-bench Pro score (62.1%) that beats GPT-5.5's 58.6% — if you own big-rig hardware to run it. For complex multi-file refactoring, the closed frontier (Opus 5, GPT-5.6 Sol, Fable 5) still wins. For a focused ranking of the open-weight options, see our best Ollama model for coding guide.

Best local setup for coding: Run Qwen3-Coder-Next via Ollama with Continue.dev in VS Code for a fully private, free coding assistant — or Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B if you're on a single 24GB GPU.


Choosing Models Based on Benchmarks

Decision Framework

For Production Development (High Stakes):

  • ✅ Choose: Claude Opus 5 (96-97% SWE-bench Verified, $5 in / $25 out per 1M tokens) or GPT-5.6 Sol (96.2%, $5/$30)
  • 💰 Budget: $20-200/month subscriptions or premium API
  • 🎯 Best for: Professional developers, complex projects, enterprise

For Learning and Personal Projects:

  • ✅ Choose: Claude Sonnet 5 (the Claude Code default, $2/$10 intro pricing through August 31, 2026) or a free open-weight model like Qwen3-Coder-Next
  • 💰 Budget: ChatGPT Plus / Claude Pro ~$20/mo, or free local models
  • 🎯 Best for: Students, hobbyists, side projects

For Privacy-Critical Work:

  • ✅ Choose: Qwen3-Coder-Next (local, 70.6% SWE-bench Verified) — or Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B (~48%) if you only have a single 24GB GPU
  • 💰 Budget: ~52GB memory at Q4 for Coder-Next (2× consumer GPUs, one 80GB card, or a 96GB Mac Studio); a used RTX 3090/4090 covers the 32B fallback
  • 🎯 Best for: Healthcare, finance, government, sensitive IP
  • 📖 See our local models on SWE-bench comparison above

For Large Codebase Analysis:

  • ✅ Choose: Gemini 3.1 Pro (1M context window, $2/$12 per 1M tokens)
  • 🎯 Best for: Monorepos, legacy code migration, documentation

For Cost-Conscious Teams:

  • ✅ Choose: GLM-5.2 self-hosted (MIT, top open-weight, 62.1% SWE-bench Pro) or Grok 4.5 via API (near-frontier scores, priced well below Fable 5 / GPT-5.6 Sol)
  • 💰 Budget: Free weights (MIT license) if you have the hardware; otherwise budget-tier API pricing
  • 🎯 Best for: Startups, budget-limited projects, high volume

Benchmark-Based Recommendations by Use Case

React/Frontend Development:

  • HumanEval important (new component generation), though it's now largely saturated
  • Kimi K3 tops Frontend Code Arena (1,679) ahead of Fable 5 and GPT-5.6 Sol

Python Backend/Data Science:

  • SWE-bench critical (debugging complex code)
  • Claude Opus 5 (96-97%) or GPT-5.6 Sol (96.2%)

Algorithm-Heavy Work:

  • CodeContests scores matter
  • Claude Opus 5 or GPT-5.6 Sol

Multi-Language Projects:

  • MultiPL-E performance important
  • The closed frontier (Opus 5, GPT-5.6 Sol) still has the best cross-language coverage

Maintenance/Refactoring:

  • SWE-bench (and especially SWE-bench Pro) most predictive
  • Claude Fable 5 (~80% Pro) or Claude Opus 5 (79.2% Pro) - top choices

Explore our detailed model comparison guides for specific recommendations.


Conclusion: Benchmarks as Your AI Model Selection Guide

AI coding benchmarks provide invaluable insight into model capabilities, but they're not the complete story. Here's what to remember:

✅ What Benchmarks Tell You:

  • Relative ranking of models on standardized tasks
  • Strengths and weaknesses across different problem types
  • Minimum capability bars for production use
  • Trends in AI coding progress over time

❌ What Benchmarks Don't Tell You:

  • Your specific language/framework performance
  • Real-world integration quality
  • Cost-effectiveness for your usage patterns
  • IDE and workflow compatibility
  • Team collaboration features

🎯 Best Approach:

  1. Start with benchmark leaders (Claude Opus 5, GPT-5.6 Sol, Claude Fable 5)
  2. Test on your actual code with representative problems
  3. Evaluate integration with your development workflow
  4. Calculate real costs for your usage patterns
  5. Choose based on YOUR results, not just benchmarks

Current State (as of August 2026):

  • Claude Opus 5 (96-97%), GPT-5.6 Sol (96.2%) and Claude Fable 5 (95.0%) sit atop SWE-bench Verified
  • SWE-bench Verified is now largely saturated; the real ranking has moved to the harder SWE-bench Pro
  • On SWE-bench Pro, vendor-scaffold scores fall to roughly 60-80% — and run 15-30 pts above Scale's standardized SEAL board (top: Muse Spark 1.1 at 61.5%)
  • Open-weight models now sit inside the frontier pack: Kimi K3 is top-five on Verified, and GLM-5.2 (62.1% Pro) can be self-hosted

The Future: As benchmarks evolve to better represent real-world development, expect:

  • Multi-language evaluations
  • Interactive debugging tests
  • Security and performance benchmarks
  • Team collaboration metrics
  • End-to-end development workflows

The benchmark that matters most is your own testing on your actual codebase. Use SWE-bench, HumanEval, and other standardized benchmarks as a starting point, then validate with hands-on evaluation before committing to any AI coding tool.

Ready to choose your AI coding model? Start with our comprehensive model comparison guide and then test the top candidates on your real work.

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SWE-bench Verified Leaderboard 2026

Current rankings of top AI coding models on SWE-bench Verified benchmark

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AI Coding Benchmark Comparison Chart

Visual comparison of SWE-bench, HumanEval, MBPP, and other major coding benchmarks

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SWE-bench Evaluation Dashboard
SWE-bench Verified Leaderboard (August 2026)
1. Claude Opus 5: 96-97% | Frontier agentic coding
2. GPT-5.6 Sol: 96.2% | Token-efficient flagship
3. Claude Fable 5: 95.0% | Mythos-class tier
4. Kimi K3: 93.4% | Open-weight 2.8T MoE
SWE-bench Pro (harder): vendor Fable 5 80.0% | SEAL Muse Spark 1.1 61.5%
Caveat: vendor scaffolds run 15-30 pts above standardized SEAL
SWE-bench performance improvement over time from 2023 to 2026
SWE-bench Verified scores have improved from 48.5% (GPT-4 Turbo, Nov 2023) to ~96-97% (Claude Opus 5, Jul 2026), showing rapid progress in AI coding capabilities — and pushing evaluation toward the harder SWE-bench Pro.

Based on official SWE-bench leaderboards, vals.ai, Scale SEAL, and research publications (August 2026).


Deep Dive: SWE-bench Methodology



How Issues Are Selected



Source Repositories (Python only, currently):



  • Django - Web framework (42% of issues)

  • Flask - Microframework (12%)

  • scikit-learn - Machine learning (18%)

  • matplotlib - Plotting library (8%)

  • sympy - Symbolic mathematics (10%)

  • requests - HTTP library (6%)

  • Others - pytest, sphinx, etc. (4%)



Selection Criteria:



  1. Issue must have a verified fix merged into main branch

  2. Fix must include test coverage

  3. Problem must be reproducible in isolated environment

  4. Issue description must be reasonably clear (for Verified subset)

  5. Fix must touch <20 files (to keep tractable)



Evaluation Process



Step 1: Environment Setup


# Model receives:
- Repository at commit before fix
- Issue description (text)
- Instruction to generate patch

# Example:
Repository: django/django @ commit abc123
Issue #12345: QuerySet filter raises FieldError with __isnull
Task: Generate a git patch that fixes this issue


Step 2: Model Generates Solution


# Model must:
1. Analyze codebase (potentially thousands of files)
2. Locate bug source
3. Generate patch file
4. Ensure no existing tests break


Step 3: Automated Evaluation


# Success criteria:
✅ Patch applies cleanly
✅ All existing tests still pass
✅ Issue-specific test now passes
✅ No new errors introduced

# Failure modes:
❌ Patch doesn't apply (syntax errors)
❌ Tests fail (broke existing functionality)
❌ Issue not actually fixed
❌ Timeout (>30 minutes)


Why This Is So Hard



Challenge 1: Codebase Navigation



  • Django has 300,000+ lines of code across 2,000+ files

  • Models must locate the 1-2 relevant files among thousands

  • No explicit pointers provided



Challenge 2: Implicit Requirements



  • Issues often lack complete specifications

  • Must infer intended behavior from context

  • Edge cases not always explicitly mentioned



Challenge 3: Testing Gauntlet



  • Django has 50,000+ existing tests that must all pass

  • Any regression = failure

  • Fix must not introduce new bugs



Challenge 4: Real-World Code Quality



  • Legacy patterns and technical debt

  • Inconsistent coding styles

  • Complex dependency chains

  • Backward compatibility requirements



Complete SWE-bench Leaderboard History



Verified Scores Over Time


































































































DateModelScoreImprovement
Jul 2026Claude Opus 596.0-97.0%+7.4% over Opus 4.8
Jul 2026GPT-5.6 Sol96.2%
Jun 2026Claude Fable 595.0%Launched Jun 9; restored Jul 1
Jul 2026Kimi K393.4%First open-weight model in the top five
May 2026Claude Opus 4.888.6%+1.0% over Opus 4.7
2026Gemini 3.1 Pro80.6%
Oct 2025Claude 4 Sonnet77.2%+7.3%
Oct 2025GPT-574.9%+5.6%
Oct 2025Gemini 2.5 Pro71.8%+4.2%
Oct 2025DeepSeek V3.170.2%+10.1%
Aug 2024Claude 3.5 Sonnet69.1%+8.2%
May 2024GPT-4o67.3%+3.4%
Mar 2024Claude 3 Opus60.9%+12.4%
Nov 2023GPT-4 Turbo48.5%


Key Observations:



  • Rapid Progress: From 48.5% (Nov 2023) to ~96-97% (Jul 2026) in under 3 years

  • Crowded Top: By August 2026 Anthropic (Opus 5, Fable 5), OpenAI (GPT-5.6 Sol) and Moonshot (Kimi K3) all sit within ~4 points

  • Saturation: SWE-bench Verified is now near its ceiling, so the meaningful ranking has shifted to SWE-bench Pro

  • Contamination concern: Some Verified tasks predate model training cutoffs, another reason the field moved to SWE-bench Pro



By Repository Type (Estimated Breakdown)


Note: Per-repository scores below are estimated based on aggregate performance data and community analysis, as SWE-bench does not officially publish per-repository breakdowns. Actual performance may vary.


















































RepositoryClaude 4GPT-5Gemini 2.5Difficulty
Django84.2%79.1%75.3%High
Flask81.7%82.3%76.8%Medium
scikit-learn73.4%71.2%70.9%Very High
matplotlib68.9%66.4%67.1%High
sympy70.2%68.7%65.4%Very High


Insights:



  • Claude excels at web frameworks (Django/Flask)

  • Math/science libraries are hardest (sympy, matplotlib)

  • GPT-5 competitive across the board

  • Gemini strong but slightly behind on most repos



HumanEval Deep Dive



Problem Categories



String Manipulation (22% of problems):


def remove_duplicates(string: str) -> str:
"""
From a string, remove all duplicate characters.

>>> remove_duplicates('hello')
'helo'
>>> remove_duplicates('aabbcc')
'abc'
"""


List/Array Operations (28%):


def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
"""
Generate list of rolling maximum element found until given moment.

>>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])
[1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]
"""


Mathematical/Algorithmic (18%):


def is_prime(n: int) -> bool:
"""
Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.

>>> is_prime(6)
False
>>> is_prime(7)
True
"""


Data Structure Manipulation (15%):


def sort_dict_by_value(d: Dict[str, int]) -> Dict[str, int]:
"""
Sort dictionary by values in descending order.
"""


Recursion/Dynamic Programming (12%):


def fib(n: int) -> int:
"""
Return n-th Fibonacci number.
"""


Edge Case Handling (5%):


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
"""
Parse levels of nested parentheses.
"""


Pass@k Metric Explained



Pass@1: Percentage of problems solved in first attempt



  • GPT-5: 92.1% pass@1

  • Means: 92.1% of problems solved correctly on first try



Pass@10: At least one correct solution in 10 attempts



  • GPT-5: ~97% pass@10

  • Useful metric for code completion tools with multiple suggestions



Pass@100: At least one correct in 100 attempts



  • Nearly 99% for top models

  • Shows models can eventually solve almost everything



HumanEval+ Extensions



Additional Test Cases:



  • Original HumanEval: ~3 tests per problem

  • HumanEval+: ~10 tests per problem

  • Catches edge cases and boundary conditions

  • Scores typically 5-10% lower than original



Why It Matters:



  • Original tests were too simple - models could pass without robust code

  • Plus version forces proper edge case handling

  • Better predictor of real-world code quality



Complete Testing Toolkit



Sample Test Suite Template



JavaScript/TypeScript Example:



// test-suite.js - Run on Claude 4, GPT-5, Gemini 2.5

// Test 1: Bug Fix - Easy
/*
Prompt: This React component has a bug. Fix it.

function UserCard({ user }) {
const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);

return (
<div onClick={() => setExpanded(!expanded)}>
<h3>{user.name}</h3>
{expanded && <p>{user.email}</p>}
</div>
);
}

// Bug: Missing import for useState
// Expected: Model should add "import { useState } from 'react';"
*/

// Test 2: Feature Implementation - Medium
/*
Prompt: Add a search feature to this list component that filters by name.

function UserList({ users }) {
return (
<ul>
{users.map(user => <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>)}
</ul>
);
}

// Expected:
// - Add search input
// - Filter users by name
// - Handle empty state
// - Debounce search input
*/

// Test 3: Refactoring - Hard
/*
Prompt: Refactor this code to use TypeScript with proper types and modern patterns.

function fetchData(url, callback) {
fetch(url)
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => callback(null, data))
.catch(error => callback(error, null));
}

// Expected:
// - Convert to async/await
// - Add TypeScript types
// - Proper error handling
// - Generic return type
*/


Python Example:



# test_suite.py

# Test 1: Algorithm - Medium
"""
Prompt: Implement a function to find the longest palindromic substring.

def longest_palindrome(s: str) -> str:
pass

# Expected:
# - Handle edge cases (empty, single char)
# - Efficient algorithm (expand around center or DP)
# - Correct for all test cases
"""

# Test 2: Real-World Bug - Hard
"""
Prompt: This Flask endpoint has a SQL injection vulnerability. Fix it.

@app.route('/users/<user_id>')
def get_user(user_id):
query = f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = {user_id}"
result = db.execute(query)
return jsonify(result)

# Expected:
# - Identify SQL injection risk
# - Use parameterized queries
# - Add input validation
# - Consider error handling
"""

# Test 3: Codebase Understanding - Very Hard
"""
Prompt: Given this Django model, why does the query fail?

class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name='published_books')

# This query fails:
books = Book.objects.filter(author__books__title__icontains='Django')

# Expected:
# - Identify incorrect related_name usage
# - Explain should use 'published_books' not 'books'
# - Provide corrected query
"""


Scoring Rubric






































CriteriaWeightScore 1-10
Correctness40%Does it work? Pass tests?
Code Quality25%Readable? Maintainable? Follows best practices?
Completeness15%Handles edge cases? Error handling?
Efficiency10%Performance? Time/space complexity?
Speed10%Time to working solution?


Calculate Final Score:


Final Score = (Correctness × 0.4) + (Quality × 0.25) +
(Completeness × 0.15) + (Efficiency × 0.1) + (Speed × 0.1)

Example:
Claude 4: (9 × 0.4) + (9 × 0.25) + (8 × 0.15) + (7 × 0.1) + (6 × 0.1)
= 3.6 + 2.25 + 1.2 + 0.7 + 0.6 = 8.35/10

GPT-5: (8 × 0.4) + (8 × 0.25) + (9 × 0.15) + (8 × 0.1) + (9 × 0.1)
= 3.2 + 2.0 + 1.35 + 0.8 + 0.9 = 8.25/10


Cost Tracking Spreadsheet



Model Comparison Tracker:

Model: Claude 4 Sonnet
-----------------------
Test Duration: 2 weeks
Prompts Sent: 487
Avg Input Tokens: 1,842
Avg Output Tokens: 1,234
Total Input Tokens: 897,054
Total Output Tokens: 601,058

Cost Calculation:
Input: 897,054 × $3 / 1M = $2.69
Output: 601,058 × $15 / 1M = $9.02
Total: $11.71 for 2 weeks = ~$23.42/month

Success Rate: 73% correct first try
Quality Score: 8.35/10
Speed: 4.2s avg response time

ROI: Estimated 6 hours saved = $300 value (at $50/hr)
Cost-Benefit: 12.8x return on investment

📅 Published: October 30, 2025🔄 Last Updated: August 3, 2026✓ Manually Reviewed
LM

Written by the Local AI Master Team

The team behind Local AI Master

We build Local AI Master around practical, testable local AI workflows: model selection, hardware planning, RAG systems, agents, and MLOps. The goal is to turn scattered tutorials into a structured learning path you can follow on your own hardware.

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